Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What is a common theme in the economic roles of women in early modern Europe, particularly in Württemberg?

1. Economic independence through craft production

2. Institutional constraints limiting their market participation

3. Substantial political influence in trade policies

4. Significant roles in family businesses

The correct answer is: Institutional constraints limiting their market participation

The correct answer highlights the institutional constraints that limited women's market participation in early modern Europe, specifically in Württemberg. During this period, societal norms and legal frameworks typically placed restrictions on women's economic activities. In many regions, including Württemberg, women faced barriers such as limited legal rights to own property, lack of access to certain trades, and restrictions on their ability to engage in contracts. These limitations often confined women to roles that were subordinate to men, impacting their overall economic independence and involvement in the marketplace. Although women did play roles in family businesses and craft production, as well as contributing to the economy through various means, these contributions were often not fully recognized or rewarded due to prevailing legal and social norms. The lack of substantial political influence in trade policies further illustrates the institutional boundaries that confined their economic activities. This context helps to underscore why institutional constraints are a significant theme regarding women's economic roles in early modern Europe.