Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What was a key impact of the Old World's livestock on the grasslands of newly colonized areas?

1. They encouraged the growth of native grass species

2. They decreased the diversity of local ecosystems

3. They did not significantly affect local landscapes

4. They promoted the development of agriculture in those areas

The correct answer is: They decreased the diversity of local ecosystems

The impact of Old World livestock on the grasslands of newly colonized areas was significant, particularly in terms of ecological balance. The introduction of these animals, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs, often led to overgrazing and changed the local vegetation structure. As livestock grazed extensively, they could decrease the diversity of native plant species that were adapted to local conditions. This change often favored certain grasses that were more resilient or palatable to livestock, while many native species struggled to survive the new competition and pressures from grazing. Consequently, by significantly reducing the variety of plant life, the livestock contributed to a homogenization of the landscape, where fewer species dominated the ecosystem. This ecological shift often had lasting repercussions, affecting not just plant life but also the broader animal populations that relied on a diverse range of plants for food and habitat. Such fundamental changes to biodiversity highlight the profound influence of introduced species on newly colonized environments.