Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What was one of Napoleon's major reforms in governance?

1. Decentralization of power

2. The establishment of a meritocratic system

3. Reinforcement of feudal privileges

4. Limiting education access

The correct answer is: The establishment of a meritocratic system

One of Napoleon's major reforms in governance was the establishment of a meritocratic system. This reform aimed to create a government and military that rewarded talent and ability rather than aristocratic birth or privilege. By instituting the Napoleonic Code and various educational reforms, Napoleon promoted individuals based on their skills and accomplishments, which led to a more efficient and capable administration. This meritocracy allowed for greater social mobility and was instrumental in the modernization of French bureaucracy and military. It contrasted sharply with previous systems that favored hereditary privilege, thereby promoting the idea of equal opportunity based on merit, which was a significant departure from the past in European governance.